Basic value-added tax (VAT): 10 practice questions with answers
Calculation of output VAT, separation of VAT from the price inclusive of VAT, amount payable under the credit method, and documentary conditions from VND 5 million.
10 questionsabout 17 minutes3 multiple choice · 7 calculationsFor: New accounting staff, small business owners keeping their own records
Machine-translated from the Vietnamese original; under editorial review.
-
Suppose a company sells a batch of goods at a price excluding tax of VND 50 million, with a tax rate of 10%. What is the output VAT?
Give the answer in VND million.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: VND 5 million
VAT = taxable price × tax rate = 50 × 10% = VND 5 million. The taxable price is the selling price excluding VAT; the buyer pays a total of VND 55 million.
-
Suppose goods have a price excluding tax of VND 20 million, with a tax rate of 10%. What is the total amount the buyer must pay?
Give the answer in VND million.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: VND 22 million
Tax amount 20 × 10% = VND 2 million; total payment 20 + 2 = VND 22 million. The price excluding tax, tax amount, and total payment are three figures that must match on the invoice and in the records.
-
Suppose an item is subject to a tax rate of 5%, with a price excluding tax of VND 8 million. What is the VAT?
Give the answer in VND.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: VND 400,000
8,000,000 × 5% = VND 400,000. Which item is 5%, which is 10% — consult the list in Law 48/2024/QH15 and guidance documents; the exercise provides the tax rate in advance for calculation practice.
-
Suppose a contract states a price inclusive of 10% VAT of VND 33 million. How much VAT is contained in it?
Give the answer in VND million.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: VND 3 million
Price excluding tax = 33 ÷ (1 + 10%) = VND 30 million; tax = 30 × 10% = VND 3 million. Common error: taking 33 × 10% = VND 3.3 million — that is, calculating tax on top of the tax itself.
-
Suppose in the period, output VAT is VND 30 million, and input VAT meeting deduction conditions is VND 18 million. Under the credit method, what is the amount of VAT to be paid?
Give the answer in VND million.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: VND 12 million
30 − 18 = VND 12 million. Only deduct input VAT meeting deduction conditions: invoices from VND 5 million lacking non-cash payment documentation, or goods purchased for non-taxable activities, cannot be included in the VND 18 million figure.
-
Suppose in this period output VAT is VND 10 million, and input VAT meeting deduction conditions is VND 14 million. How much VAT credit is carried forward to the next period?
Give the answer in VND million.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: VND 4 million
Input exceeds output, so no payment is due this period; the difference of 14 − 10 = VND 4 million is carried forward as a credit to the next period. Whether the difference is refunded is a separate procedure with separate conditions — do not assume automatic refund.
-
Suppose a company purchases office supplies, invoice total VND 11 million (inclusive of VAT) and pays in cash. What about the input VAT on this invoice?
- A. Deductible as normal because a valid invoice exists
- B. Deductible if the director signs to confirm payment
- C. Entitled to deduct one half
- D. Not deductible, because the invoice is VND 5 million or more but lacks non-cash payment documentation
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Not deductible, because the invoice is VND 5 million or more but lacks non-cash payment documentation
Law on VAT 48/2024/QH15 requires that purchase invoices of VND 5 million or more must have non-cash payment documentation to be deductible. Paying VND 11 million in cash forfeits the right to deduct the VAT on that invoice. Splitting into multiple small invoices to avoid this condition is improper practice and risks disallowance upon tax authority inspection.
-
A purchase invoice totals VND 3.3 million, paid in cash. Which statement is correct?
- A. Definitely not deductible because paid in cash
- B. Invoices under VND 5 million do not need to be kept
- C. The non-cash payment documentation condition (applying to invoices from VND 5 million) does not apply here; the invoice must still meet other deduction conditions
- D. Deductible at double to offset cash withdrawal fees
Show answer and explanation
Answer: C. The non-cash payment documentation condition (applying to invoices from VND 5 million) does not apply here; the invoice must still meet other deduction conditions
The VND 5 million threshold only determines whether non-cash payment documentation is required. Small invoices must still be lawful and used for VAT-taxable activities to be deductible, and must be kept like all accounting documents.
-
Suppose a sales invoice has two lines: item A at a price excluding tax of VND 10 million, tax rate 5%; item B at a price excluding tax of VND 20 million, tax rate 10%. What is the total VAT on the invoice?
Give the answer in VND million.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: VND 2.5 million
Calculate each line separately then add: 10 × 5% = 0.5 and 20 × 10% = 2, total VND 2.5 million. Do not take the total VND 30 million multiplied by an 'average' tax rate — each line retains its own tax rate.
-
Law on VAT No. 48/2024/QH15 takes effect from which date?
- A. 1 July 2025
- B. 1 January 2025
- C. 1 October 2025
- D. 1 July 2026
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. 1 July 2025
From 1 July 2025. Invoices and returns of periods before this date are read under the old law; when filing a supplementary return for an old period, determine which side of the date that period falls on before applying the conditions. The date 1 October 2025 applies to Law on CIT 67/2025/QH15.
The questions use rules checked at the time of writing; calculation scenarios are hypothetical with round numbers. Before applying anything to a real filing, read the document in force or ask your managing tax office. TaxDatum.com is run by a private operator and is not a government portal. The Vietnamese original of this set is on HocThue.com.